1: Cuban Missile Crisis: This took place in June, 1948. The countries involved in this were the United States, the Soviet Union, and Cuba. This event was a reaction to the Bay of Pigs. Khrushohev thought that the U.S. was weak and started to set up missiles in Cuba. This was in response to the missiles the U.S. built in Turkey. The United States demanded that they be removed from Cuba. This is number 1 because there were a few countries involved and if it didn't end up the war it did, the U.S could have been affected by the missiles the Soviets were putting in Cuba, and the Soviet Union could have been affected by the U.S. missiles in Turkey. This could have caused a whole new war.
2: Korean War: The countries involved in this were Korea, the Soviet Union, China and the UN forces. North and South were sperated at the 38th parallel. North Korea, with the help of the Soviet Union, invade South Korea. The UN, lead by Douglas MacArthur, helps South Korea. Chinese sends troops against the UN forces. A demilitarized zone was set to seperate North and South Korea. North Korea builds collective farms and nuclear weapons. South Korea had established democracy, growing economy with U.S. aid. U.S. contained communism. This event is number 2 because many countries were involved. One side would push the other back then it would get pushed back.
3: Vietnam War: The countries involved were Vietnam, France and the United States and it took place in the early 1900's. France wanted their colony back that they had lost in WWII that they lost when they were defeated by the Vietnamese. Vietnam was seperated on the 17th parallel into North, which was communist, and South, which was anti-communist. The U.S. got involved and aided the South. Eventually, the government they were defending was becoming unpopular and they were fighting in an unfamiliar terrain. Vietnam eventually united as one commnist government. This is number 3 because many countries were involved and effected by this event. Also, it ended with Vietnam being united as a communist government, which solved their differences.
4: Civil War in Iran: The countries involved in this were Iran, Iraq, U.S., and the Soviet Union. Pahlavi, the Iran leader, embraces the western government and oil companies. He is overthrown and later put back into power. Ayatollan Ruholla Khomeini, is a Muslim leader who sparks muslim revolts in Iran because he was against the Western ideas. In 1979, 60 American's were taken hostage in Tehran for 444 days. Muslim radicals take control in Iran and tension between Iran and Iraq increase. Iran and Iraq fight and the U.S. aids both sides and the USSR helps Iraq. This is ranked number 4 because there were countries involved on both sides and that could have caused tension between the countries who were aiding them, like the U.S. and the Soviets.
5: Civil War in China: The countries involved in this were China and Japan. There was a communist leader Mao Zedong, who gave peasants land and armed them with weapons and the communist movement grew. The communists created the People's Republic of China, which was backed by the USSR. There was a Nationalists leader Jiang Jieshi, who took the money given to him by the U.S. government and gave it to corrupt military officers. He saved the best troops fight communist, not the Japenese. The trooops are crushed by the Japanese and the Nationalist movement started to weaken. Nationalists form the Republic of China on the island of Taiwan. This is number 5 because it was just within China and involved a little of Japan.
6: Berlin Airlift: The countries involved in this were the U.S, the Soviet Union and Germany. The Soviets made a blockade around Berlin and cut off all ground access to Berlin. The purpose of the Berlin Airlift was to prevent the take over of west Berlin by the Soviets. The U.S. sent supplies to west Berlin on planes to keep them from being without neccasary goods. It was a success for containment. Berlin is divided. The United States looks good while the USSR looks bad. This is number 6 because it was a success for the U.S. and berlin got divided as well as the rest of Germany.
7: Conflict in Hungary: The countries involved in this were Hungary and the Soviet Union. The Hungarians wanted and demanded freedoms from their communist government. The Hungarian army joined with protesters and went through the capital. Imre Nagy, the Hungarian communist leader, formed a new government and tried to withdraw from the Warsaw Pact. He demanded that the Soviet troops to leave and free elections. Soviet tanks and infantry entered the capital, Budapest. The Hungarians were overwhelemed and a pro Soviet government was installed. This is number 7 because the Hungarians had fought against their Soviet governemnt and tried to break form the Communist rule but were unsuccessful.
8: Conflict in Afghanistan: The countries involved in this were Afghanistan, Soviets, and the U.S.. Soviets invade Afghanistan to help the communist government. The United States aids the Mujahedeen, who fight guerilla war against Soviets with U.S. weapons. The United States stopped grain shipments to the Soviet Union and in 1989 the Soviets withdraw. This is number 8 because there were few countries involved and the Soviets ended up withdrawing from the war.
9: Conflict in Czechoslovakia: The countries involved in this event were Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union. Czechoslovakia tried to leave the Warsaw Pact which had upset the Soviet Union. The Czech communist leader Alexander Dubcek decided to loosen the controls on censorship. This period of reform, the Czech's capital bloomed with new ideas which was called Prague Spring. This broke the Brezhner Doctrine, which said the Soviet Union had the right to prevent its satellites from rejecting communism. The Warsaw Pact nations invaded Czechoslovakia. This event is number 9 because it was between the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia and Czechoslovakia was invaded and returned to communism.
10: Civil War in Nicaragua: This event involved Nicaragua. Ahastasio Somoza was the dictator, who was supported by the U.S.. Ortega was a Sandinista who led the rebel force in Nicaragua. The Sandinistas were the communists and the Contras were the anti-communist group, they were supported by the U.S.. In 1990, Nicaragua heldd a free-election and the Sandinistas lost. This is ranked number 10 because it was very mild and the communists lost.
11: Bay of Pigs: The countries involved in this event were the United States and Cuba. In the early 1960's, the CIA came up with a plan to overthrow Fidel Castro. They sent Cuban exiles to invade Cuba. John F. Kennedy cancelled the U.S. air support to Cuba and the mission had failed. This is event is number 11 because the event had failed.
12: Cultural Revolution: The county involved in this event was China. In 1966, China wanted to get rid of the four olds; which are ideas, culture, customs, and habits. The Red Guard, which was a group made up of college and high school students, wanted to build a society of peasants and workers and close down factories and threaten farming production. In 1968, Mao decided to imprision and excute the memembers of the Red Guard. This is number 12 because this event only concerned China, so it didn't really have a great affect on countries around the world.
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